Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland. Either of these two cells have the potential for differentiation into a variety of epithelial tumor. In view of the pivotal role played by these myoepithelial cells in various salivary gland neoplasms, their identification and detection is an important link in the study of salivary gland tumors. They envelop the glandular, acinar, and ductal elements of various organs, especially breast and salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells are stellate or spindle shaped with 4 to 8 cytoplasmic processes. Diagnosis of myoepithelioma through light microscopy is possible and immunohistochemistry is done to facilitate the diagnosis. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma hccc is a recently described distinctive salivary gland neoplasm. Vdr expression and function in murine salivary gland cell culture. Twentythree neoplasms arising in major and minor salivary glands have been found to be composed of two types of myoepithelial cells the plasmacytoid and spindle cell form. Myoepithelial cells sometimes referred to as myoepithelium are cells usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the luminal cells.
In some tumors of the salivary glands, myoepithelial cells do not participate in histogenesis. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the oral cavity. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Judiciously applied, fnab can assist the clinician in developing a suitable treatment plan. The current study investigated risk factors and prognoses for this tumor. Given our continued interest in defining myoepithelial cell participation in salivary glands,79 we have herein examined the morphologic spectrum of 25 salivary gland basal cell and canalicular adenomas with newer, more sensitive monoclonal antibodies that recognize the smooth muscle phenotype indicative of myoepithelial differentiation. Myoepithelial cells double arrows surround the glandular structures and there are ducts triangles with cuboidal or low columnar epithelium. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma emc of the salivary gland is a lowgrade carcinoma with a predilection for the parotid gland. In total, 29 basal cell neoplasms eight bcacs, 11 basal cell adenomas bcas with capsular invasion. The aim of this study was to identify additional morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can aid the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma bcac of the salivary gland. Myoepithelial cells are all around the part of the gland where the saliva comes out.
Myoepithelial carcinomas are usually known as a soft tissue tumor all over the body. Pdf myoepithelial cells are normal constituent of the salivary acini and smaller ducts, and are found between the epithelial cells and the. Pdf spindle cell myoepithelioma of the parotid gland. It comprises approximately 1 to 2% of salivary gland neoplasms 1,2,3. Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma emc of salivary gland is a malignant epithelial tumor, composed of two distinct cell types, affecting either the major or minor salivary glands. It is observed in a wide age category of children and adults. Myoepithelioma of the head and neck, also myoepithelioma, is a salivary gland tumour of the head and neck that is usually benign as the name suggests, it consists of myoepithelial cells. Get detailed information about the treatment for newly diagnosed and recurrent salivary gland cancer in this summary for clinicians. On the function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. We present a rare case of emc arising in the submandiblar gland with two recurrences at intervals of one year.
It should not be confused with sialadenosis sialosis which is a noninflammatory enlargement of the major salivary glands. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva. These cells surround glandular secretory epithelium. Myoepitheliomas are tumors arising from myoepithelial cells mainly or exclusively. Myoepithelial cells normally surround ducts in secretory organs, such as the breasts, salivary glands, and cutaneous sweat glands. Myoepithelial neoplasia of the submandibular gland. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. They are present in salivary glands, mammary gland, sweat gland and lacrimal gland. They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. The clinical course of those cases except ours was extremely poor. Myoepithelial cells are normal constituent of the salivary acini and smaller ducts, and are found between the epithelial cells and the basement. It is often difficult to diagnose salivary gland tumors that exhibit basaloid features differentially.
The authors describe the cytomorphologic features of four cases of hccc in fineneedle aspirates fna and discuss the differential diagnosis. Fineneedle aspiration biopsy fnab is a useful preoperative technique for the evaluation of patients with a salivary gland lesion1,2. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung european journal of. Metastatic parotid myoepithelial carcinoma in a 7yearold boy. Sialadenitis can be further classed as acute or chronic. It is a seromucous mixed salivary gland separate acini also present. Because of its cytoplasmic clearing and the bland nuclear features, hccc resembles other tumors. Myoepithelial cells basal lamina autonomic nerve terminals supralaminar and sublaminar pyramidal secretory cells.
Role of myoepithelial cells in the development of salivary gland tumors. This study was designed to determine whether apoptosis and proliferation of myoepithelial cells occur in atrophic rat submandibular glands. Solid nonmyxoid, myxoid pleomorphic adenomalike, reticular canalicularlike or mixed patterns of myoepithelial cells with no ductal differentiation plasmacytoid cells, spindle cells, clear cells, epithelioid cells, oncocytic cells, hyaline cells. Hyalinizing clearcell carcinoma of salivary glands in. Neoplastically modified myoepithelial cells are also generally accepted to be a significant component of salivary gland tumors such as epithelial. Myoepithelial cells do not have a demonstrable secretory capability, but they can store glycogen in abundance. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. Myoepithelial carcinoma an overview sciencedirect topics. An epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the oral cavity minor salivary gland in a 81yearold man is reported. Salivary gland basal cell and canalicular adenomas. In other taxa such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins such as silk or glues.
The cytoplasm is basophilic and often vacuolated fig. Myoepithelial cells are usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but normally beneath the luminal cells. Collina g, gale n, visona a, betts cm, cenacchi v, eusebi v. Pure accounting for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors.
Melanomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas are not included. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. Myoepithelial cells mecs are one of the nonsecretory components of salivary gland acini. Apoptosis and proliferation of myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial cells mec of the salivary glands in health and. Myoepithelial cells mec of the salivary glands in health. Myoepithelial cells are stellateshaped and also known as basket cells. What secretory units are present in the mandibular salivary gland. Approximately 66% of these tumors occur in a part of the salivary gland, known as the parotid gland. Myoepithelial cells mecs are considered to be a key participant in most salivary gland diseases, particularly tumors.
Pale pyramidalcuboidal mucous secretory cells serous. Emec arises most commonly in the parotid gland but has also been described in the submandibular gland, in the minor salivary glands and palate 4,5. Thompson salivary glands for dummies 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma histology luminal ductal cells and abluminal modified myoepithelial cells tracking nerves is a hallmark peri or intraneural encapsulated tumors minor salivary glands can be difficult to diagnosis histomorphologically polymorphous but cytomorphologically uniform. Salivary glands myoepithelial carcinomas occur in adults at a mean age of 55 years. These tumors arise from portions of the salivary duct system in which myoepithelial cells are not normally found. Fine processes of myoepithelial cells are well delineated. They are interposed between the secretory cells and the basal lamina. Only three cases of sinonasal myoepithelioma have been reported in the literature. Myoepitheliomas mostly occur in salivary glands, as well as in breast, skin, and lung.
These cells structurally resemble epithelial cells and smooth muscles and, thus, are referred to as myoepithelial cells mecs. Primary myoepithelial carcinoma of palate world journal. Myoepithelial neoplasms are well recognized in the salivary glands. Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother.
Diagnostic dilemmas caused are due to inadequacy of characterizing. There are three main types of cells in the major salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells mecs are found in multiple glandular organs such as the lacrimal, salivary, harderian, sweat, prostate, and mammary glands. Based on the data discussed above, we propose a lineage differentiation model of lookalike tumors of the breast and salivary glands with myoepithelial differentiation using the epithelial cell. B,c rna isolated from msgc cultures treated with 100 nm 1,25d or vehicle for 24 h was used for qpcr analysis with primers specific for mvdr and mpostn. However, we report the first case of parotid myoepithelial. The clinical behavior and treatment outcomes of salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma have yet to be clearly defined. Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignant neoplasm. Review and updates of immunohistochemistry in selected. Myoepithelial cells in salivary gland tumorsrevisited. Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare malignant cancerous tumor that usually occurs in the salivary glands in the mouth, but can also occur in skin and soft tissues. In salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells that surround the intercalated ducts are spindled in contrast to the large stellate ones that envelop the acini. Major salivary glands college of american pathologists. They play vital role during expulsion of saliva and regulates the electrolytic exchange.
Histochemical studies of myoepithelial cells were undertaken in order to provide further information about the structure and function of these cells in their normal environment in salivary glands and as an aid in their identification in abnormal situations such as in salivary gland tumours. Myoepithelial cells are smooth muscle like cells having epithelial origin. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands ncbi. We compared the immunoexpression of 5 myoepithelial cell mec markers. Myoepithelial tumours of the salivary glands current diagnostic. A similar tumor type may be found in the tongue, referred to as ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor.
Immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for diagnosing salivary gland and head and neck tumors. Risk factors and prognosis for myoepithelial carcinoma of. An introduction to cytopathology is in the cytopathology article salivary gland cytopathology and salivary gland cytology redirect to here. Tanahashi j, kashima k, daa t, kondo y, kuratomi e, yokoyama s. Myoepithelial cell markers in salivary gland neoplasms cristiane. Four cases of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands arose as painless masses in patients over 60 years old, three in the parotid and one in the submandibular gland. They also act as tumor suppressor and are considered very.
Sialadenitis sialoadenitis is inflammation of salivary glands, usually the major ones, the most common being the parotid gland, followed by submandibular and sublingual glands. Vdr in salivary gland homeostasis and cancer sciencedirect. Pdf myoepithelial cells mecs are considered to be a key participant in most salivary gland diseases, particularly tumors. Actin versus vimentin in myoepithelial cells of salivary gland tumors. Epithelial myoepithelial cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. The structure and function of myoepithelial cells in. Myoepithelial cells of sweat, lacrimal, salivary, bronchial, and mammary glands are bluegreen with amido black or pink with phloxine b. The purpose of this study was to present four new cases of epithelial. Pdf download for myoepithelial cell markers in salivary gland neoplasms. To our best knowledge, only one case of myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland has been reported in children. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Minor salivary gland carcinomas are detailed in upper aerodigestive tract sitespecific protocols. Evaluation of cystic salivary gland lesions by fineneedle aspiration. Myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary.
Salivary gland cancer treatment options include surgery with or without postoperative radiation therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The histology of the tumor shows a biphasic pattern with clear myoepithelial cells encasing ducts with an epithelial lining. Head and neck cytopathology is a small part of cytopathology. Myoepithelial cells between cell base and basement membrane. Myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands. Salivary glands have proven to be very useful to students of genetics due to the occurrence of polytene chromosomes that are common in the salivary gland cells of many diptera. Demilunes of serous glands double arrows are seen atop mucus glands which in this he stain are pale and foamy. Review and updates of immunohistochemistry in selected salivary gland and head and neck tumors shaobo zhu, md. However, rare cases of myoepithelial tumors have been reported in other locations, such as the smg, lacrimal glands, 2 tongue base, 3 and even the skin. Pdf epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland.
They are specialized cells capable of contraction aiding in the expulsion of saliva. A western blot for vdr in murine submandibular salivary gland cells msgc demonstrates vdr expression in vitro. It is concluded that rapid emptying of saliva in the mouth and a maintained flow at a high rate of the viscous saliva is promoted by contractions of the myoepithelial cells. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells in both benign and malignant tumors can take several forms, including epithelioid, spindle, plasmacytoid, and clear, and this variability largely accounts for difficulties in histopathological diagnosis. K5k14positive cells contribute to salivary glandlike. Patients with carcinomas of the salivary glands protocol applies to all invasive carcinomas of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Almost all protein present in saliva also secret iga by plasma cells in ct of salivary glands. Classically, they are found in the parotid gland or palate. Mecs structurally resemble both epithelial cells and smooth muscles.
Transformation of myoepithelial cells usually occurs in the parotid gland or in the minor salivary glands of the hard palate. They are present in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands and in salivary glands. How do rabies, foreign body, or poison affect salivation. Pdf pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Smears from myoepithelial carcinoma may show spindleplasmacytoid cells but an oncocytic cell type has also been described. We have located a case report of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma occurring on a persons back. Outer tubular cells of organoid doublelayered tubular structures seen in pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, and cystlining. They can squeeze the saliva gland so the saliva comes out faster. Pdf actin versus vimentin in myoepithelial cells of. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland reportedly shows an aggressive clinical course in 50% of cases or more, and four of the five reported cases of lung myoepithelial carcinoma showed metastasis. Cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma with disseminated.
Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of parotid gland a. It has been shown that myoepithelial cells play an important role in the com position and growth of many salivary gland tumors. In salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar and ductal cells. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands.
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